It is not considered an independent letter of the alphabet: the tilde is the standard diacritic for nasalization. In the Portuguese language, the symbol Õ stands for a nasal close-mid back rounded vowel, also written in IPA. In Samogitian the letter Õ represents, as in Estonian, the unrounded back vowel /ɤ/ which is unique to Samogitian and is not found in Standard Lithuanian, this is a rather new innovation brought on by the ensuing efforts of standardising Samogitian, this letter alleviates the confusion between the two distinct pronunciations of the letter ė. In Hungarian, Õ only appears in foreign loanwords as a variant of O. In most parts of the island Saaremaa, Õ is pronounced the same as Ö. In informal writing, e.g., emails, instant messaging and when using foreign keyboard layouts where the letter Õ is not available, some Estonians use the characters O or 6 to approximate this letter. The vowel was previously written with the letter Ö, but in the early 19th century, Otto Wilhelm Masing adopted the letter Õ, ending the confusion between several homographs and clearly showing how to pronounce a word. In Estonian, Õ is the 27th letter of the alphabet (between W and Ä), and it represents a vowel characteristic of Estonian, the unrounded back vowel /ɤ/, which may be close-mid back, close back, or close-mid central. In Emilian-Romagnol, õ is used to represent, e.g.
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